Ground-Penetrating Radar
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a condition assessment technique that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. This non-destructive method uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band (UHF/VHF frequencies) of the radio spectrum, and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures. GPR can be used in a variety of media, including rock, soil, ice, fresh water, pavements and structures. It can detect objects, changes in material, and voids and cracks.
Ground-Penetrating Radar has been used to identify internal defects in timber bridge girders.